Niskriya, meaning passive voice in Hindi, is a grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence receives the action rather than performing it. Understanding “niskriya meaning in hindi” is crucial for anyone looking to master the nuances of the language. This article will delve into the meaning, formation, and usage of the passive voice in Hindi, providing clear examples and practical tips.
Forming the Passive Voice (Karma Vachya) in Hindi
The passive voice in Hindi, also known as Karma Vachya, is formed by conjugating the verb jana (to go) with the past participle of the main verb. The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence, often marked by the postposition ke dwara (by).
- Active: राम ने किताब पढ़ी (Ram ne kitaab padhi) – Ram read the book.
- Passive: किताब राम के द्वारा पढ़ी गई (Kitaab Ram ke dwara padhi gayi) – The book was read by Ram.
Notice how the verb padhna (to read) changes to its past participle padhi and is followed by the appropriate form of jana (gayi).
When to Use the Passive Voice in Hindi
While the active voice is generally preferred for its clarity and directness, the passive voice has its specific uses in Hindi. It is particularly useful in the following situations:
- When the actor is unknown or unimportant: घर बनाया गया है (Ghar banaya gaya hai) – The house has been built. (We may not know who built it.)
- To emphasize the action or the receiver of the action: चिट्ठी लिखी जा रही है (Chitthi likhi ja rahi hai) – The letter is being written. (Focus is on the writing process.)
- In formal or official language: यह नियमों का पालन किया जाना चाहिए (Yah niyamon ka paalan kiya jana chahie) – The rules should be followed. (Impersonal and authoritative tone.)
- To avoid blaming someone directly: गलती की गई थी (Galti ki gayi thi) – A mistake was made. (Less direct than saying someone made a mistake.)
Common Mistakes to Avoid
When using the passive voice, be mindful of these common errors:
- Overuse: Using the passive voice too frequently can make your writing sound clunky and indirect.
- Incorrect verb conjugation: Ensure the correct form of jana is used with the past participle.
- Unnecessary use of ke dwara: When the actor is unimportant, ke dwara can often be omitted.
Niskriya and Sakriya: A Comparison
Understanding the difference between niskriya (passive) and sakriya (active) is fundamental to Hindi grammar. While niskriya focuses on the action being received, sakriya emphasizes the subject performing the action. This distinction is crucial for clear and effective communication. You can learn more about sakriya in our article on sakriya meaning in hindi.
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Conclusion
Mastering the “niskriya meaning in hindi,” or the passive voice, allows for nuanced expression in Hindi. By understanding its formation, usage, and common pitfalls, you can effectively utilize this grammatical construct to enhance your communication skills. Remember to use the passive voice strategically and appropriately to achieve clarity and impact in your writing and speech.
FAQ
- What is the literal meaning of niskriya? Niskriya literally translates to “inactive” or “passive.”
- Is the passive voice always used with ke dwara? No, ke dwara can be omitted when the actor is unknown or unimportant.
- How can I practice using the passive voice? Try converting active sentences into passive ones and vice versa.
- When should I avoid using the passive voice? Avoid it when the active voice provides more clarity and directness.
- What is the opposite of niskriya? The opposite of niskriya is sakriya, meaning active voice.
- Is niskriya used frequently in everyday conversation? While understood, sakriya is more commonly used in everyday conversation.
- Can I use niskriya in formal writing? Yes, niskriya is often used in formal and official contexts.
Expert Insights:
- Dr. Asha Sharma (Hindi Linguist): “The passive voice in Hindi provides a unique way to express actions where the focus is on the action itself rather than the doer.”
- Professor Rohan Verma (Hindi Literature Expert): “Understanding niskriya is crucial for comprehending classical Hindi literature and poetry.”
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