Understanding the nuances of “by him” in Hindi can be tricky, especially for non-native speakers. This guide explores various Hindi translations of “by him”, considering the context and providing practical examples to ensure you use the correct expression. Whether you’re translating a legal document, a piece of literature, or simply trying to improve your conversational Hindi, this resource will equip you with the knowledge you need.
Understanding the Different Contexts of “By Him”
The Hindi translation of “by him” varies depending on the context. It can refer to an action performed by him, something created by him, or even something possessed by him. Let’s delve into these scenarios:
“By Him” Indicating an Action
When “by him” refers to an action performed by a male subject, several Hindi words and phrases can be used. The most common include:
- उसके द्वारा (uske dwara): This is a formal and versatile option, suitable for most contexts. It literally translates to “by him” and emphasizes the agency of the subject.
- उसने (usne): This is a more common and less formal option, often used in spoken Hindi. It translates to “he” but implies the action performed by him.
- उससे (usse): This translates to “from him” or “by him” and is often used when the action involves an instrument or tool.
“By Him” Indicating Creation or Authorship
When “by him” denotes the creator or author of something, the following Hindi words can be used:
- उसके द्वारा रचित (uske dwara rachit): This formal phrase emphasizes the act of composition or creation. “Rachit” means “composed” or “created.”
- उसकी रचना (uski rachna): This translates to “his creation” and is suitable when referring to a piece of art, literature, or music.
- उसका बनाया हुआ (uska banaya hua): This more colloquial phrase means “made by him” and is suitable for everyday objects.
“By Him” Indicating Possession
While less frequent, “by him” can sometimes suggest possession. In these cases, the Hindi translation would be:
- उसका (uska): This simply means “his” and indicates ownership or possession.
For example, “The book by him” would translate to “उसकी किताब (uski kitab),” meaning “his book.”
Practical Examples and Common Mistakes
Let’s illustrate the usage of these translations with some examples:
- “The letter was written by him” – यह पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया था (yah patr uske dwara likha gaya tha) or यह पत्र उसने लिखा था (yah patr usne likha tha).
- “The painting was made by him” – यह चित्र उसके द्वारा बनाया गया था (yah chitra uske dwara banaya gaya tha) or यह चित्र उसकी रचना है (yah chitra uski rachna hai).
- “The book by him is on the table” – उसकी किताब मेज़ पर है (uski kitab mez par hai).
A common mistake is to directly translate “by him” without considering the context. Choosing the right word or phrase ensures accurate and natural-sounding Hindi.
Answering Your Questions about “By Him” in Hindi
What is the most common way to say “by him” in Hindi?
The most common way to say “by him” in Hindi is uske dwara (उसके द्वारा) for formal contexts and usne (उसने) for informal ones.
Can I use usse (उससे) to mean “by him”?
Yes, you can use usse (उससे) when the action involves an instrument or tool.
How do I say “created by him” in Hindi?
You can say “created by him” as uske dwara rachit (उसके द्वारा रचित) or uski rachna (उसकी रचना).
Conclusion
Mastering the various translations of “by him” in Hindi is crucial for effective communication. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the different contexts and their corresponding translations, empowering you to communicate with clarity and precision. By understanding these nuances, you can avoid common mistakes and express yourself accurately in Hindi.
FAQs
- What’s the difference between uske dwara and usne? Uske dwara is more formal, while usne is more common in spoken Hindi.
- Is there a gender-neutral equivalent for “by him”? Yes, you can use unke dwara (उनके द्वारा) or unhone (उन्होंने) for a gender-neutral or plural “by them.”
- How do I know which translation to use? Consider the context of the sentence. Are you talking about an action, creation, or possession?
- Can uska (उसका) always be used for “by him”? No, uska means “his” and is primarily used for possession.
- Where can I learn more about Hindi grammar? Many online resources and textbooks can help you further explore Hindi grammar.
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